Other areas of Haleakala are rated comparable to the lava-flow hazards of Mauna Kea and Kohala (Hazard Zones 7 through 9). The steep, downslope areas of the Kanaio and Kahikinui ahupuaʻa and the area north of Hana are rated as Hazard Zone 4. Geological Survey rated the summit and southwest rift zone of Haleakala as Hazard Zone 3. Using this same scale, preliminary estimates of lava-flow hazard zones on Maui made in 1983 by the U.S. For example, the summits and rift zones of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes are rated Hazard Zone 1. On the island of Hawaiʻi, lava-flow hazards are rated on a scale of one through nine with one being the zone of highest hazard and nine being the zone of lowest hazard. The Maui Hazard Zone numbers are two less than the equivalent Hawaiʻi Hazard Zone numbers. Haleakala as seen looking northwest from Big Island, Hawaii, near Kawaihae, 85 kilometers (53 mi) away Volcanic hazard Lava Flow Hazard map of Haleakala. Haleakalā is far smaller than many volcanic craters ( calderas) there is an excellent chance that it is not extinct, but only dormant and strictly speaking it is not of volcanic origin, beyond the fact that it exists in a volcanic mountain. Macdonald, Abbott, & Peterson state it this way: These valleys formed the two large gaps - Koʻolau on the north side and Kaupō on the south - on either side of the depression. Scientists believe that Haleakalā's crater was formed when the headwalls of two large erosional valleys merged at the summit of the volcano. These last flows from the southwest rift zone of Haleakalā make up the large lava deposits of the Ahihi Kina`u/La Perouse Bay area of South Maui.Ĭontrary to popular belief, Haleakalā crater is not volcanic in origin, nor can it accurately be called a caldera (which is formed when the summit of a volcano collapses to form a depression). Geological Survey published in a column that radiocarbon dating indicated that the last eruption was more likely to have taken place sometime between 14. Haleakala, also known as East Maui Volcano, was previously thought to have last erupted around 1790, based largely on comparisons of maps made during the voyages of La Perouse and George Vancouver. Eventually, these valleys formed gaps that merged at the volcano summit to create a crater-like basin. In its prime, Haleakala may have reached a height of 12,000 feet before water and wind erosion, and possibly glaciers, began to carve two large river valleys out of the rim. The east rift zone continues under the ocean beyond the east coast of Maui as Haleakalā Ridge, making the combined rift zones one of the longest in the Hawaiian Islands chain. These two rift zones together form an arc that extends from La Perouse Bay on the southwest, through the Haleakalā Crater, and to Hāna to the east. This volcanic activity has been along two rift zones: the southwest and east. Haleakala has produced numerous eruptions in the last 30,000 years, including ten eruptions in the past 1,000 years and at least one in the last 400-600 years, making it the only active volcano on the island of Maui.
According to the legend, Māui's grandmother helped him capture the sun and force it to slow its journey across the sky in order to lengthen the day. In Hawaiian folklore, the depression (crater) at the summit of Haleakalā was home to the grandmother of the demigod Māui. Haleakalā is also the name of a peak on the southwestern edge of Kaupō Gap. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.Įarly Hawaiians applied the name Haleakalā ("house of the sun") to the general mountain. From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 km (6.99 mi) across, 3.2 km (2.0 mi) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The tallest peak of Haleakalā ("house of the sun"), at 10,023 feet (3,055 m), is Puʻu ʻUlaʻula (Red Hill).
The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains. Haleakalā ( / ˌ h ɑː l i ˌ ɑː k ə ˈ l ɑː/ Hawaiian: Hawaiian pronunciation: ), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive, active shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui.
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